Let's start with a story. Imagine you have a friend named Luke. One day you ask Luke about something he wrote, but he tells you it wasn't really him who wrote it. It was actually written by a person named Marcion, who lived a long time ago. Marcion wrote many things, but some people didn't like his ideas and decided to not include them in the holy book of Christianity called the Bible.
Now, the Marcion hypothesis is the idea that some parts of the Bible, like the Gospel of Luke and certain letters by Paul, were actually originally written by Marcion. This is different than what most people believe, which is that those parts of the Bible were written by Luke and Paul.
The Marcion hypothesis is controversial because it goes against what many people have believed for a very long time. Some people think that the Marcion hypothesis is true, but others think that it is not true and that the Bible was written by the people we have always thought wrote it. It's up to each person to decide what they believe.