ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

So, do you know that our brains need insulation just like the wires in your toys or the cables in the TV? That insulation is called myelin and is very important for our brain to work properly.

Now, there is a disease called metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) which means that the myelin in the brain is not made properly. The cells that make myelin in the body have a problem in breaking down certain substances. This leads to a buildup of these substances that destroy the myelin.

This can cause problems in the brain like difficulty in moving, talking, learning, and even breathing.

It's like when you're building a sandcastle, but instead of building it properly, the sand gets stuck in your hands and you can't make the castle anymore.

Doctors can sometimes help with treatments like stem cell transplants or enzyme replacement therapy, but unfortunately, there is still no cure for MLD.