ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Moduli of semistable sheaves

Okay, imagine you have a lot of clothing items in your wardrobe. Some of them are very good quality and some of them aren’t so great. You want to organize your wardrobe and only keep the best quality items, but you also want to make sure you don’t throw away any good ones.

Now imagine you have a bunch of mathematical objects called sheaves. Some of them are really nice and others aren’t. But just like with your wardrobe, you don’t want to throw away any good ones, and you want to find a way to organize them.

That’s where moduli of semistable sheaves come in. "Moduli" is just a fancy word for "collection" or "group," and "semistable" means that the object is pretty good, but not necessarily the best.

So the moduli of semistable sheaves is a way to group together all the well-behaved sheaves. It’s kind of like organizing your wardrobe so that you only keep the good clothing items. This is useful for mathematicians because it helps them study these sheaves in a more efficient and organized way. And just like how you don’t want to throw away any good clothing items, mathematicians don’t want to lose any good mathematical objects either.