ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Moreau's theorem

Ok kiddo, do you know what a circle is? It’s like a round shape, like a ball. Now imagine you have a bunch of circles, some bigger and some smaller, all next to each other.

Now if you draw lines through each of the circles, you get what’s called a “packing” or “tessellation” of circles.

What’s really cool is that a French mathematician named Moreau figured out a way to calculate how much of the space between those circles is filled up.

He found out that no matter how big or small the circles are, as long as they don’t overlap, the area of the empty spaces left between them will always be the same proportion of the total area. So even though the patterns might look different, the amount of space left over is always the same!

This is called Moreau’s theorem and it helps us understand how different shapes and patterns fit together. Pretty cool, huh?