Have you ever watched a really cool show or dance performance on stage? Well, nātyasāstra is a book that teaches people in India how to create and perform these types of shows called "nāṭya" or "dance-drama".
It was written a long, long time ago by a man named Bharata, and it talks about everything from how to make costumes to how to act out emotions like happiness or sadness on stage.
Think of it like a recipe book, but instead of food, it's about creating and performing shows! Bharata even wrote about the different types of characters that can be in a show, like heroes, villains, and funny sidekicks.
So, when people in India want to put on a really awesome show, they can use nātyasāstra like a guide to help them make it happen!