The Neolithic Demographic Transition (NDT) is a big change in how people used to live and how people live today. In the past, people did not have much stuff or food and had to work very hard just to survive. People were also smaller and had less children. However, in the Neolithic period (about 12,000 years ago), people started to figure out how to make tools and use animals to help them do work. People also learned how to plant crops and build homes. With more food and better tools, people could work less and have more time to do other things. This meant they could have more children. This big change in how people lived is called the Neolithic Demographic Transition.