ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Newman–Keuls method

Imagine you have a big group of friends and you all want to know who is the fastest runner. You decide to have a race, but when it's over, you realize that some of the friends had an advantage because they started at a different place or had better running shoes. You want to make sure the fastest runner is chosen in a fair way.

The Newman-Keuls method is like a referee who helps you decide who the fastest runner is. First, the referee checks to make sure everyone started at the same place and had the same shoes and other things that could give them an advantage. Then, they look at the times each person took to finish the race.

But sometimes, the times of some people are very close together, and it's hard to tell who was the fastest. Then, the referee uses the Newman-Keuls method to figure out if there really is a difference between their times or if they are pretty much the same.

The Newman-Keuls method works by comparing the times of every person with every other person, one at a time. If the times are very different, the referee says that the two people are not the same, and there is a clear winner. But if the times are very similar, the referee says that there is not a clear winner, and the people are about the same.

Finally, after comparing all the times, the referee tells you who the fastest runner is. And since they used the Newman-Keuls method, you know that it's a fair decision.