ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Noise gating

Noise gating is a way of making sure the sound coming out of your speakers or headphones isn't too loud. It works by using a filter that "gates" (or opens and closes) the sound coming through. When the sound is too loud, the filter shuts it off. When it's not too loud, the filter lets it come through. This keeps the sound from being too loud and protects your ears from damage.
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