A non-blocking algorithm is a special way of writing computer code that allows multiple things to happen at the same time without getting stuck or waiting for one thing to finish before moving onto the next thing. It's like playing with Legos - you can build different parts at the same time without waiting for each other to complete.
For example, if you wanted to make a sandwich, a normal blocking algorithm would be to first toast the bread, then add the ingredients, and finally cut it. However, using non-blocking algorithms, you could start making the sandwich ingredients while waiting for the bread to toast, and then cut the sandwich while waiting for it to finish. This makes the process much faster and more efficient.
Non-blocking algorithms are important for making sure that computer programs can run smoothly even when they have lots of different tasks to perform. This is especially true in situations where lots of people might be using the same program at the same time, like for internet apps or video games.