Okay kiddo, non-economic damages caps are like putting a limit on how much money you can get if something bad happens to you. Let's say you fall down and hurt your arm really badly, and it's not your fault. You might have to go to the hospital and get medicine, and maybe even miss school for a few days.
In some places, like some states in the USA, there are laws that say you can only get a certain amount of money for things like pain and suffering, or for problems that can't be fixed with money like feeling sad or scared. So even if you think you should get more money to help you feel better, the law says you can only get a certain amount.
Some people like these laws because they think it helps stop people from asking for too much money. Other people don't like these laws because they think it's not fair to limit how much money someone can get, especially if they were really hurt or something really bad happened to them.