ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Operation Argus

Okay kiddo, let me tell you about Operation Argus. Back in the 1950s, scientists and government officials were worried about how the United States would be able to defend itself against a possible enemy attack by using nuclear bombs. So, they needed to run some experiments and tests to work out how to counter this threat.

In 1958, the US military came up with a clever idea: They launched several small nuclear bombs, called nuclear warheads, high up into Earth's atmosphere, way above where planes and other aircraft can fly. They did this by sending rockets into space, which carried the bombs with them. These nuclear bombs were then detonated in the sky, creating a strong electromagnetic pulse, or EMP for short.

This EMP caused a lot of energy to be released into the sky, which then interacted with Earth's magnetic field. This interaction created some very interesting effects that scientists wanted to see. For instance, the EMP caused a glowing radiation belt to form around the Earth's magnetic poles that could be seen from far away.

The scientists and military officials who ran these experiments were from a group called the United States Military Project 56 or Operation Argus. They ran three separate experiments with nuclear bombs, each one providing important information on how EMPs worked and how they could be used as a defensive weapon.

So, Operation Argus helped US military and scientific experts find out more about EMPs which would go on to play a role in the national defense strategy for many years to come. And now you know, that's what Operation Argus was all about.