Okay kiddo, imagine a big family where the dad is the boss and makes all the important decisions. The patriarchal system is like that, but for a whole country! Long time ago, in a place called Western Zhou in China, the people believed that men were more important than women and should be in charge of everything. This means that the dads, grandpas, and uncles were the rulers, soldiers, and judges of the land.
Women and girls were not allowed to be in charge of anything, and they had to obey the men. They were expected to look pretty, cook, clean, and take care of the children. They couldn't go to school or get good jobs. Even if a woman was really smart or talented, she couldn't be a leader or speak up for herself because men didn't think she was capable of doing that. This wasn't very fair to women, right?
But over time, people started to realize that girls can be just as smart and capable as boys. They started to question the patriarchal system and fight for women's rights. Nowadays, in many countries, both men and women can be leaders, teachers, doctors, and engineers, no matter what gender they are. And everyone should be treated equally and with respect, no matter what!