A pendulum wave is kind of like a bunch of swings all in a row. Each swing, or pendulum, swings back and forth at a different speed. When they are all started at the same time, it looks like the swings are doing a dance together!
Just like when you swing on a swing set, each pendulum has a weight at the end that helps it swing back and forth. But instead of being pushed by someone's hands, a machine gets all the pendulums started at the same time.
The reason the pendulums all swing at different speeds is because they are different lengths. Think about it: if you have a really long swing and someone else has a really short swing, you're going to swing at different speeds. It's the same with the pendulums.
So when the pendulum wave starts, the longest pendulum swings really slow and the shortest one swings really fast. The others all swing at different speeds in between. But after a little while, they all fall into a pattern and start swinging together. It's like they're all doing a dance together, but each one is doing a different move at a different time.
People use pendulum waves to study how things move and how different patterns happen. It's like a big science experiment that looks really cool!