Perestroika was a political movement in the 1980s in the Soviet Union. It meant restructuring and starting to reform the way the Soviet Union worked. In other words, it meant changing the way the government ran and how it treated people, and making it more fair and free. Before perestroika, the Soviet Union was an extremely strict and controlling place, and people weren't allowed to express themselves freely. With perestroika, more freedom was allowed and the Soviet Union started to look more like other countries.