ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Periodic table (electron configurations)

The periodic table is a chart that scientists use to help organize and better understand elements. Elements are basic substances that can't be broken down into simpler substances. The periodic table is made up of boxes that show us each element's name, atomic number, and general information about the element. Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Each box on the periodic table also tells us how electrons are arranged around the nucleus, which is also called the electron configuration. There are different rules for how electrons can be arranged and they are called the electron configuration rules. These rules tell us that electrons fill up the orbitals starting with the lowest energy level and beginning with the inner most orbital. Electrons can never be in the same orbital together, and the maximum number of electrons that can fit in each energy level is two.

By knowing these rules and the arrangement of electrons for each element, scientists can better understand the properties of the element and its behavior.