Imagine you have a big jar of candy which you want to last for a full month.You only have a certain amount of candy to start with. If you eat too much candy too quickly, you'll run out and won't be able to enjoy any more until the month is over.
The same goes for the Earth's environment. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide (CO2) is like candy. It gets produced when we do things like drive cars or fly planes and contributes to global warming. But if we produce too much CO2 too quickly, we'll run out of the Earth's natural resources to deal with all the CO2, leading to worse and worse outcomes, such as natural Disasters.
That's where the idea of the Personal Carbon Allowance comes in. It's like having a jar of candy, but instead of candy, it's the amount of CO2 we're allowed to emit into the atmosphere every year. Just like with a jar of candy, once we use up all our allowance, we'll have to wait until the next year to get a fresh CO2 allowance.
If you use too much CO2 too quickly, you'll run out before the year is up and will not be able to use any more until the next year. That means people need to be careful not to use too much carbon so they can keep the Earth healthy and happy for most days to come.