ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Philebus

Philebus is a book written by a man named Plato a really long time ago. It’s a book that tries to answer some really big questions about what makes people happy and what is really valuable in life.

Imagine you have a toy that you really, really love. It makes you very happy to play with it, but then you get bored of it and it doesn’t make you happy anymore. Then you get a new toy that is even more fun to play with, and it makes you very happy, but then eventually you get bored of it too. This is kind of like what Plato talks about in Philebus.

Plato says that there are two main things that people think are valuable in life. One of them is pleasure, things that make you happy, like the toy. The other thing is knowledge, things that make you smart and allow you to understand the world better.

Some people think that pleasure is the most important thing, and they try to just have fun and enjoy themselves all the time. But Plato says that this doesn’t really work, because pleasure doesn’t last forever. You can’t just keep getting new toys all the time, because eventually you will run out of toys to get.

On the other hand, some people think that knowledge is the most important thing, and they try to learn as much as possible about the world. But Plato says that this doesn’t really work either. Even though knowledge is valuable, it doesn’t always make you happy. Sometimes knowing too much can actually make you sad, because you start to see all the bad things in the world.

So what does Plato think is the most important thing? Well, he says that it’s a combination of both pleasure and knowledge. They are kind of like two sides of the same coin. You can’t just have one without the other. You need both to be truly happy.

Plato also talks about some other things in his book, like beauty and goodness, but they all kind of come back to this idea of pleasure and knowledge. He says that to be truly happy, you need to have a balance of both. Like a yummy ice cream cone (pleasure) that is also really good for you (knowledge). So next time you have a toy or a treat that makes you happy, think about how much you also need to learn and grow to be truly happy in life.