Phrenology is an old way of studying people's heads. Some people used to think that the shape of someone's head could tell you what kind of person they were. They believed that different parts of the brain controlled different behaviors, like how much someone loves or how smart they are.
Phrenologists would examine someone's head by feeling it with their hands. They believed that if a certain part of the head was bigger than others, it meant that person had a certain skill or personality trait. For example, they thought that if someone had a big bump at the back of their head, it meant they were good at music.
But here's the thing: phrenology wasn't actually a good way to study people's heads. There's no evidence that the shape of someone's head really tells you anything about their personality or abilities. In fact, phrenologists were often wrong. For example, they thought that women didn't have the same abilities as men, and that people of different races had different abilities.
Today, we know that the shape of someone's head doesn't tell us anything about who they are. Instead, we study the brain using more modern methods, like brain scans and experiments. These methods help us understand how the brain works, but they don't involve feeling someone's head to find out what kind of person they are.