Pitman closeness criterion

Imagine you have a bunch of points scattered around on a piece of paper. We can use math to compare how close together these points are. The Pitman Closeness Criterion is a way to measure how close these points are and how similar they are to each other.

To understand how it works, let's think about putting the points into two groups. We want to make sure that the groups have similar points in them, and that they are close together. We can do this by measuring the distance between each point and the average point in its group. We then add up all of these distances for each point in the group, and that gives us a score for how close together the points are.

If the two groups have very similar scores, then they are considered to be very close together according to the Pitman Closeness Criterion. This means that they are similar to each other and that the points in each group are not too spread out.

In summary, the Pitman Closeness Criterion is a way to measure how close together points are on a paper and how similar they are to each other. We can use this measurement to compare two groups of points and see how similar they are to each other.