Once upon a time, there was a big company called BHP who had a fight with a group of workers who wanted more money and better working conditions. The workers went to a special court called the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration to ask for help in their fight with BHP.
The court listened to both sides and eventually made a decision that gave some benefits to the workers, like more pay and better working hours. But BHP was not happy with this decision and thought it was not fair. They wanted to be able to appeal the decision and have a new group of judges look at it again.
BHP asked the court if they could appeal the decision, but the court said no. BHP then went to a higher court, called the High Court, to ask if they could appeal the decision. The High Court said no as well.
So, BHP got mad and went to the highest court of all in Australia, called the Privy Council, which was in England. The Privy Council was like a king or queen for Australia back then and could make very important decisions about the country.
The Privy Council listened to BHP's argument and eventually said that they could appeal the decision made by the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration. This meant that BHP could have their case looked at again by a new group of judges.
This was a big deal because it meant that the Privy Council had the power to overrule decisions made in Australia. That's why this case is important and why people still talk about it today.