Imagine you have a box full of different colored marbles. Some marbles are very common and you have a lot of them, while others are very rare and you only have one or two of them. A rank abundance curve is a way to show how many of each type of marble you have and how common or rare each type is.
On a graph, you would put the types of marbles on the x-axis, and on the y-axis, you would put the number of each type of marble you have. Then you would draw a line connecting each type of marble, starting with the most common (a marble that you have a lot of) and going down to the rarest (a marble that you only have one or two of).
The curve would show what percentage of the total marbles each type represents. So, if you had 20 blue marbles out of 100 total marbles, the curve would show that blue marbles make up 20% of the total.
The purpose of a rank abundance curve is to help scientists understand the diversity of a community. By looking at the curve, they can tell if there are a lot of different types of marbles (high diversity) or if there are only a few types (low diversity). It can also show if one type of marble is dominant (very common) or if there is more evenness among the different types.