Okay kiddo, imagine you are in charge of a lemonade stand. You have to buy lemons, sugar, cups, and a cooler to keep the lemonade cold. You also need to pay for your time and your friend's time who helps you run the stand.
Now let's say you usually charge 50 cents for a cup of lemonade, but your expenses have gone up and you are now spending 60 cents to make each cup. That means you are losing 10 cents for each cup of lemonade you sell.
So what do you do? You talk to your customers and explain that you need to increase the price of the lemonade in order to cover the higher expenses. This is similar to what happens in a rate case.
A rate case is when a company that provides a service (like water, electricity, or gas) asks permission from the government to increase the price they charge their customers. The company has to prove to the government that they need to charge more money in order to cover their expenses and make a reasonable profit.
To do this, the company will submit lots of paperwork and evidence to show how much money they spend to provide the service, and how much money they currently make from their customers. They might have to hire expert lawyers and accountants to help them with this.
Then, the government will review all the information and decide whether or not to allow the company to increase their rates. The government will consider how much money the company needs to make to keep providing the service, but also keep in mind how affordable the service should be for the customers.
So, just like you might have to increase the price of your lemonade to cover your expenses, companies might have to increase their rates to keep providing a good service. But they have to follow strict rules and the government makes sure they are being fair to their customers.