Residue number system

The residue number system (RNS) is a way of representing and manipulating large numbers using only small, simple pieces of information. It works like this: instead of writing a big number, like 4,567 (which is called a decimal number), you write it in a different way using only little pieces. For example, 4,567 can be written in RNS notation as 8,3,2,2 (which looks a lot like a list or a string of numbers). Each number in the string represents a different way of counting. The 8 stands for 8s, the 3 stands for 3s, the 2 stands for 2s, and the 2 stands for 1s. When you add up all these pieces, you get the original number: 8 (8s) + 3 (3s) + 2 (2s) + 2 (1s) = 4,567.