ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Riemann–Siegel theta function

Imagine you have a very big number, like a trillion. The Riemann-Siegel theta function is a special formula that helps us understand how prime numbers are spread out given that very big number.

To do this, the formula takes the square root of negative numbers (don't worry, numbers can be weird sometimes). It then takes a special angle related to that negative number, called an argument. This argument helps tell us about the pattern of prime numbers.

The Riemann-Siegel theta function is used in a special way to help mathematicians make predictions about prime numbers. It's like having a special tool that helps us understand these numbers better. It's a bit tricky to understand, but imagine it's like having a special map that helps us find our way through a very complicated maze.