Robert F. Williams was a man who lived a long time ago, like when your grandparents were young. He was born in a place called North Carolina in the United States, but he saw that black people were not being treated fairly there, so he wanted to change things.
Williams was a smart person and he talked a lot about how people should be treated fairly no matter what color their skin is. He believed that black people should stand up for themselves and fight for their rights. This made some people angry, but Williams kept going.
One time, some white people were attacking black people in his town, and Williams wanted to protect them. He got some guns to be ready just in case, and the white people stopped because they didn't want to get hurt. Some people called him a hero for this, but other people said he was breaking the law.
Williams had to leave North Carolina because the police were after him. He went to Cuba and then China, and he wrote a book about his experiences. Some people still talk about him today because he was brave and stood up for what was right.