A Rutherford (unit) is a unit of length measurement. It is named after the physicist Ernest Rutherford, who developed the nuclear theory of atoms. One Rutherford is equal to 10-millionth of a centimeter (10-6 cm). This is much smaller than a millimeter which is 1/1000th of a meter. In other words, one Rutherford is a thousand times smaller than a millimeter.