Sardinia is an island off the coast of Italy. In the Middle Ages, a time more than 1000 years ago, the island was divided into a number of different kingdoms. These kingdoms were ruled by powerful men and women, called kings and queens, who wanted to control the island. Each kingdom had its own laws and customs, and fought with each other to stay in power. Over time, most of the kingdoms faded away and the island was unified under the rule of just one ruler.