Section 1782 discovery refers to a law that allows people or businesses involved in a legal dispute outside of the United States to gather evidence in the US. This evidence can then be used in their legal case abroad.
It's like if you were playing a game and you needed to find a certain item to help you win, but you couldn't find it where you were playing the game. Section 1782 lets you ask for help from someone who lives in a different place where you know the item is located.
For example, let's say your mom and dad are fighting with another family in Europe over who gets to keep a valuable painting. But the other family is not being fair and won't show proof that the painting belongs to them. Your mom and dad can use Section 1782 to ask a court in the US to make the other family give them some papers or show them a report that proves the painting should really belong to your family.
It's important to remember that Section 1782 only allows the gathering of evidence, not the actual legal case. The legal case still has to happen in the country where the dispute originally started.