Short-time Fourier transform

The Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is a way of looking at a piece of music or sound and breaking it down into a series of tiny parts. It does this by taking a small window of time and turning it into a graph that shows what frequencies of sound it has at different moments in time. This graph is like a picture of the sound. You can imagine a window of time, like a moving block of time, and STFT will show you what types of sounds are happening in each of those small windows. It's a useful way of looking at sound to analyze it, and it can help you make sense of a song or a sound.