Solar x-ray astronomy is like taking pictures of the Sun using special cameras that can see things that our eyes cannot. These cameras can see x-rays which are like super strong rays of light that are given off by the Sun.
Scientists use these pictures to learn more about the different parts of the Sun, like its atmosphere and its magnetic field. By studying the x-rays, they can also predict when the Sun might have big explosions called solar flares which can affect things on Earth like our communication systems.
It's like taking a picture of a big, bright ball in the sky that's so powerful it can hurt our eyes to look at it, but a special camera can show us things we would never be able to see otherwise.