Standard machine learning (ML) is a way for computers to make decisions based on rules that are programmed into them. Machines learn by observing patterns in data, and then using those patterns to make decisions about new data. For example, if we wanted a machine to predict whether a customer would make an online purchase, we could teach it to analyze past purchases, locating patterns that suggest that a customer will likely make a purchase in the future. The machine would then use those patterns to make a prediction about a new customer. Standard ML can be useful in many areas, such as credit scoring, fraud detection, or pattern recognition (such as analyzing pictures or images).