Hey there kiddo! So, you know how sometimes people disagree about things? Well, in Afghanistan, a long time ago, there was a big disagreement between the government and a group of people called the Taliban. The Taliban didn't like the way the government was treating people and wanted to take over and rule the country their own way. They started fighting against the government and the army, and this fighting is called an insurgency.
The Taliban used to rule Afghanistan before the government took control, and they wanted to be in charge again, but they had very different ideas about how things should be run. Some people joined them because they agreed with their ideas, but others joined because they were scared of what would happen if they didn't.
The fighting between the government and the Taliban went on for a long time, and lots of people on both sides got hurt or killed. The Taliban did a lot of bad things, like hurting innocent people, and the government was worried that they would take over the country and make things even worse. Some other countries stepped in to try and help the government, but things still haven't completely gotten better.
So, in short, the Taliban insurgents are a group of people who are fighting against the Afghan government because they want to take over and rule the country their own way, and this has caused a lot of conflict and danger for many people in the region.