ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Thomson problem

Imagine you have a bunch of little balls on a table and you want them to be as far apart from each other as possible. This is called the Thomson problem.

Now let's say you have 3 balls. You could put them in a triangle shape, but that may not be the best way to distance them from each other. It turns out that the best way to distance them is to put them at the corners of a tetrahedron, which is like a pyramid with a triangle as the base.

But what if you have more balls, say 4 or 5 or even 50? Figuring out the perfect arrangement for all these balls can be tricky. Mathematicians have been trying to solve the Thomson problem for a long time, and while they have found some patterns and solutions for small numbers of balls, they haven't found a way to solve it for any number of balls.

It’s a complicated puzzle that people keep trying to solve, and by doing so, they help us learn more about how objects interact and how we can arrange objects for maximum efficiency.