ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Topology optimization

Imagine you’re building a sandcastle. You want to create the strongest and most stable structure possible. You start by shaping the sand into a mound and then slowly start digging out tunnels and holes. You keep digging until the sandcastle stays upright and does not collapse even if you poke it or push it lightly.

Topology optimization is a computer-aided design technique that works similarly to building a sandcastle. Instead of sand, a computer program creates a virtual 3D model of the object to be designed, such as a car part or a building façade. The program then applies mathematical algorithms to remove unnecessary material from the object while ensuring that it remains structurally sound and fit for purpose.

The software eliminates material where it is not needed to create a design that is lightweight, efficient, and strong. The goal is to create an object that is optimized to perform its intended function while minimizing material usage, weight, and manufacturing costs.

Think of it like playing a game of Jenga - where you try to remove as many blocks as possible without making the tower fall. Topology optimization is like trying to achieve the optimal design of the Jenga tower where removing blocks actually strengthens the structure rather than weakening it.

In summary, topology optimization is a computer-aided design tool that helps engineers and designers to create the most efficient designs by optimizing the shape and distribution of material of a given object with the goal of conserving material and weight while ensuring the necessary strength and performance is maintained.