Okay kiddo, when cars are driving on a highway, they have to be really careful to follow the other cars and not get too close, right? But sometimes there are a lot of cars on the road and it gets really crowded. When this happens, the cars have to slow down or stop, and this can cause a big line of cars to form.
This big line of cars is called a traffic wave. It's like a big ocean wave, but instead of water moving up and down, it's cars moving forward and backward. And just like a real wave, a traffic wave can keep spreading and getting bigger and bigger if the cars don't start moving again.
Sometimes, people driving in the front of the line of cars might not even know there is a traffic wave behind them. They might just see that the cars in front of them are going slow or stopped, so they slow down too.
But don't worry, there are ways to try to avoid traffic waves. One way is to leave plenty of space between your car and the one in front of you, so if they suddenly stop, you have time to slow down safely. Another way is to try to keep a steady speed when you're driving, instead of constantly changing speed.
So remember, traffic waves can happen when there are too many cars on the road and they have to slow down or stop. But if we all try to be careful and drive safely, we can help prevent them from happening.