ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Two nations theory (Ireland)

Once upon a time, there was a land called Ireland. Some people who lived there were called Catholics and some were called Protestants. Catholics believed in a religion that was different than the Protestants'. They also spoke a language called Irish while the Protestants spoke English. When Ireland was ruled by British people, the Protestants were given more power and better jobs because they were the same religion as the British. The Catholics felt treated unfairly and thought that they should make their own country separate from the Protestants who were mean to them.

Some of the Catholics leaders believed that two different nations existed in Ireland - one nation for the Protestants who were loyal to Britain and another for Catholics who wanted to be independent. They thought that these two groups of people were so different in their beliefs and culture that they could not live together peacefully. That's why they came up with the Two Nations Theory.

They thought that if they made their own country just for Catholics, they could live happily ever after without being treated unfairly by Protestants. This idea got even stronger when they were treated badly by the British government. The Catholics wanted their own government that would be fair to them and represent their needs.

However, the Protestants did not want to be a part of the Catholic country and wanted to stay loyal to Britain. They thought that they could not survive without being a part of Britain. That's why the Two Nations Theory led to a long and violent conflict that lasted for many years.

Today, many people think that the Two Nations Theory was not a helpful idea. They believe that even though people have different beliefs and cultures, they can live peacefully together if they all have the same rights and opportunities. They think that it's better to work together and build a happy community, rather than separating from each other.