Okay, so imagine there is a really important book called the Bible, and it has lots of stories and teachings about God and Jesus.
Well, a long time ago, there was a guy named Pope Clement XI who was in charge of the Catholic Church. He wanted to make sure that everyone was following the right teachings from the Bible.
Now, there was this other guy named Pasquier Quesnel, and he wrote a book that had some different ideas about the Bible. Some people thought his ideas were not what the Catholic Church believed in, and they were worried that it could lead people away from the true teachings.
So, Pope Clement XI decided to do something about it. He wrote a special letter called a papal bull and in this letter, he talked about the importance of following the right teachings from the Bible. He said that there were some ideas in Quesnel's book that were not in line with the Catholic beliefs.
This special letter from the Pope became known as "Unigenitus Dei Filius," which means "Only Begotten Son of God" in Latin. The Pope wanted to make it very clear that these were the correct teachings to follow.
But not everyone agreed with the Pope. Some people thought that Quesnel's ideas were okay and that they should be allowed. They didn't like the Pope telling them what to believe.
This disagreement caused a lot of arguments and conflicts within the Catholic Church. Some people supported the Pope and his letter, while others thought he was wrong.
The debate continued for many years, and it had a big impact on the Catholic Church. People were divided, and some even started their own separate churches because of this disagreement.
So, in a nutshell, "Unigenitus Dei Filius" was a special letter from the Pope that said certain ideas in a book written by Quesnel were not in line with Catholic teachings. It caused a big debate and led to divisions within the Church.