ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Unitary perfect number

Okay kiddo, let's talk about unitary perfect numbers. Unitary perfect numbers are special types of numbers that have some really interesting properties.

First, let's talk about what a factor is. When we say a number is a factor of another number, it means that the first number can be multiplied to get the second number. For example, 2 is a factor of 4 because 2 x 2 = 4.

Now, let's talk about what a proper factor is. A proper factor is a factor of a number that is less than the original number. For example, the proper factors of 6 are 1, 2, and 3 because they are less than 6.

A unitary perfect number is a number that is equal to the sum of all of its proper factors, and those proper factors are all prime numbers (remember, prime numbers are numbers that can only be evenly divided by 1 and themselves).

So basically, if you add up all the prime numbers that are less than a unitary perfect number, you get that same number back!

For example, 6 is a unitary perfect number because its proper factors are 1, 2, and 3 (all primes) and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.

There are only a few known unitary perfect numbers, and they get really big really fast. The first few are 1, 6, 90, 8730, and 3011370.

So that's the basics of unitary perfect numbers, pretty cool right?