ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Vertical and horizontal (radio propagation)

Okay, kiddo, imagine that you are trying to talk to your friend who is standing on the other side of a room, and there are a lot of other people in between you.

When you talk, your voice travels through the air in the room, and some of it reaches your friend. But not all of your voice will go directly to your friend because the other people in the room may block or interfere with it.

Now, let's talk about vertical and horizontal radio propagation. Radio waves are a type of energy that are used to send messages or signals from one place to another, like when you listen to the radio in the car.

Vertical propagation means that the radio waves travel straight up and down, like a tower sending a signal to a device below it. Think of it like throwing a ball directly up in the air and catching it back in your hand.

Horizontal propagation means that the radio waves are traveling parallel to the earth, like a signal being sent from a radio station to your car, which is driving across a flat landscape. Imagine rolling a ball across a table to another person.

What's important to understand is that different types of radio frequencies may use either vertical or horizontal propagation, depending on factors like the distance, obstacles, and the nature of the signal being sent.

So, just like how you have to speak louder or change your position in the room to make sure your friend can hear you, radio engineers have to take into account these factors to make sure their signals are sent and received clearly.