Okay, so imagine you are playing with blocks. You build a tall tower with colorful blocks and it looks really cool. Now imagine that thousands of years ago, people also played with blocks (but much more boring looking ones) and built things out of them too.
One group of people who played with these blocks were called the Afanasevo people. They lived in what is now modern-day Russia and central Asia around 3,500-2,500 BC. These people were farmers and herders, which means they grew crops and raised animals for food.
The thing that makes the Afanasevo culture important is that they left behind clues about how they lived. Archaeologists (people who study ancient things) have found things like pottery (which is like fancy bowls), weapons made out of stone and bone, and even some very special burials.
But what's really cool is that the Afanasevo people eventually evolved into other cultures that we know much more about today, like the Scythians and the Sarmatians. So even though the Afanasevo culture was around a long time ago, it helps us understand how things were difficult and how people changed over time.