Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) is a way of looking at how similar or different groups of things are. Scientists often use AMOVA to examine how similar or different different groups of living things (like different species of animals) are. For example, an AMOVA could tell us how similar the DNA of a dog is to the DNA of a cat.
To do an AMOVA, scientists look at small pieces of the DNA from each group of living things and compare them. They compare each group's DNA to eachother group's DNA to look for similarities or differences. If two groups are more similar than other groups, then that means that those two groups are probably related in some way.