ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Analytical regularization

When thinking about math problems, sometimes we come across situations where the solution seems to be "infinite" or doesn't make sense. This usually happens when we have to divide something by zero or take the square root of a negative number. These situations are called "singularities" and they make it hard for us to solve the problem.

Analytical regularization is a technique that helps us deal with these singularities. It basically means that we add or subtract something to our equation to make the singularity go away, and then we can solve the problem. It's like when you add and subtract to balance an equation when doing your math homework.

For example, imagine you have an equation with a singularity at x=0. Analytical regularization tells us to add a small number, let's call it "epsilon" to x. This makes x not equal to zero anymore and we can solve the problem using this "regularized" equation. After we're done, we can take the limit as epsilon approaches zero to get the true solution.

In essence, analytical regularization is a tool for solving difficult math problems by adding or subtracting small quantities that help take care of the problematic parts. It allows us to bypass the infinite or nonsensical parts of equations and get useful and meaningful answers.