Okay, so do you know what a language is? It's a way of talking and communicating with other people.
Well, Aramaic is a language that was spoken a long time ago, in a place called Mesopotamia. People used to use this language to talk to each other and say things like "hello" and "how are you?".
Now, sometimes people wanted to read and understand holy books, like the Bible, but they didn't speak the same language that the holy book was written in. So, they would create something called a Targum, which is a translation of the holy book into a language they understand, like Aramaic.
So, an Aramaic Targum is a version of the Bible that has been translated from the original language, usually Hebrew, into Aramaic, so that people who spoke Aramaic could understand it better. It's like having someone translate a book for you that you wouldn't have been able to read on your own.
Pretty cool, right?