Arithmetical hierarchy is like a giant tower with different floors. Each floor represents a different level of complexity of math problems. Just like when you have different grades in school, and the older the grade, the more difficult the homework becomes.
On the first floor of the arithmetical hierarchy tower, we have simple math problems like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. As we go up each floor, the math problems become more complex, like solving a system of equations or dealing with infinity.
Each floor represents a different level of difficulty, and the higher up the floor, the more difficult the math problems become. We can even go up to an infinite number of floors, representing all the possible levels of math complexity.
So now every math problem can be assigned to a specific floor in the arithmetical hierarchy tower. And the more complex the problem, the higher up the floor it belongs to.