Artillery sound ranging is a way that people who are fighting in wars or operating heavy artillery can figure out exactly where the enemy's artillery is located by listening to the sounds it makes. It's kind of like playing a game of hot and cold, but with guns instead of toys.
When someone fires an artillery shell, it makes a very loud noise that can be heard for miles around. By listening carefully to that noise, and by tracking the time it takes for the sound to travel from the enemy's position to where you are, you can figure out exactly where they fired from.
To do this, people who are trained in artillery sound ranging use special microphones that are placed in different locations around the battlefield. These microphones are very sensitive and can pick up even the tiniest sounds.
Once the microphones detect the sound of an enemy artillery shell being fired, they send the information to a computer that calculates the exact location of the enemy's artillery piece. This allows the defending forces to quickly respond by firing their own artillery at the enemy's position.
Overall, artillery sound ranging is a really important tool that helps soldiers protect themselves and fight more effectively in battle.