ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Artin–Tate lemma

Okay kiddo, so imagine you have a big puzzle. But it's not just any puzzle, it's a really hard puzzle with hundreds of tiny pieces. You might think it's impossible to put together, but what if I told you there's a trick to make it easier?

That's kind of what the Artin-Tate lemma does for mathematicians. It helps them solve big, complicated mathematical problems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable pieces.

You see, mathematical problems are a bit like puzzles. They have lots of different pieces that all need to fit together perfectly. But sometimes those pieces are really complex and hard to work with. That's where the Artin-Tate lemma comes in.

The lemma basically says that if you have a really hard problem with lots of different parts, you can break it down into smaller problems that are easier to solve. It's like taking your big puzzle and breaking it into smaller sections that you can work on one at a time.

So why is this useful? Well, sometimes mathematicians need to solve really complex problems in order to understand something important about the world. And those problems can be really tough to solve all at once. But by using the Artin-Tate lemma, they can break the problem into smaller pieces and work on each one separately. Then, they can put all the pieces back together to solve the overall problem.

It's kind of like how you might take apart a toy to see how it works, and then put it back together again. By understanding how the different pieces fit together, you'll have a better idea of how the toy works overall. And that's basically what the Artin-Tate lemma does for mathematicians - it helps them understand really complex problems by breaking them down and putting them back together in a way that makes sense.