Asymptotic theory is a branch of statistics which looks at how closely something follows a pattern. It is like a guessing game. Let's say you are playing with a toy car. You want to know what will happen to the car if it is going faster and faster. Asymptotic theory will answer this question by looking at how the car behaves when it speeds up. It will see if the car follows a specific pattern, like getting faster and faster in a straight line or going in circles. Asymptotic theory will tell you how closely the car follows that pattern, so you will have a better idea of how fast it will go in the future.