ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Atomic spectroscopy

Atomic spectroscopy is a way for scientists to measure what elements are in a material. It does this by using a something called light. Light is made up of different colors, like a rainbow. Each color is like each different element. When scientists shining different colors of light onto the material and measure which colors come out the other side, they can tell what elements are present in the material.
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