Have you ever heard of a big family tree? Well, imagine that there is a very big tree, and at the very top is the oldest member of the family. This person is the one who started the whole family! As time goes by and the family gets bigger, sometimes one of the kids of the oldest person might become very important too. Maybe they become a king or a queen, or they start their own important family.
When this happens, we call this new family a "cadet branch." This is a special way of saying that this new family comes from the big family tree, but they are kind of like their own separate tree too. They have their own important people, their own stories, and their own way of doing things.
So, let's say that you have a big family and your great-grandpa was the oldest person on the family tree. If his son became a king, then that would be a cadet branch of the family! They would be important and special, but they would still be related to you and your family.