Imagine you have a lot of points on a flat piece of paper. These points are randomly scattered all over the paper. Now, imagine that you want to connect some of these points with lines to create a shape, like a square or a triangle.
A cage graph is just like that. It’s a way to connect points with lines to form shapes that are enclosed, just like a cage surrounds an animal. But instead of using any old points, a cage graph uses a special set of points.
Each of these special points is connected to two other points by lines. And when you connect all of these special points together with lines, you create a structure that looks a lot like a cage.
Cage graphs are used in mathematics and computer science to help solve difficult problems, like how to plan the fastest route between two points in a city or how to sort data in a complicated computer program. By creating a cage graph, mathematicians and computer scientists can easily visualize how different points are connected and find the best way to use them to solve a problem.